Published on Mar 20, 2025 | 3:46 PM
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That uncomfortable burning in your chest after a meal isn’t just annoying—it could be a sign of a bigger issue.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation, discomfort, and potential long-term damage.
While occasional heartburn is normal, GERD happens regularly and can interfere with daily life if left untreated. Knowing the symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help you take control of your digestive health and prevent serious complications.
GERD is a long-term digestive condition where stomach acid frequently backs up into the esophagus, irritating its lining.
Normally, a muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) keeps acid in the stomach, but when it weakens or relaxes too often, acid escapes into the esophagus. This can lead to discomfort, inflammation, and over time, potential damage to the esophagus.
Heartburn is a burning sensation in the chest caused by acid reflux, and it can happen occasionally to anyone. GERD, however, is when acid reflux occurs regularly, causing ongoing symptoms and potential complications like esophageal damage.
If you experience heartburn more than twice a week, you may have GERD and should consider speaking with a doctor.
GERD can present a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to severe and persistent issues that affect daily life. While occasional acid reflux is common, GERD occurs when these symptoms become frequent and chronic, often requiring medical attention.
The most noticeable and frequent symptoms of GERD in adults include:¹,²
GERD can also cause symptoms beyond the digestive system, which may not be immediately recognized as reflux-related: ¹,²
More serious GERD symptoms, sometimes called alarm symptoms, may signal an underlying condition and should be addressed immediately:²
Several factors can contribute to this weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the development of acid reflux symptoms, including:¹,²
GERD is typically diagnosed based on symptoms such as frequent heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. If symptoms improve with lifestyle changes or medications, further testing may not be necessary.
However, diagnostic tests may be recommended if symptoms persist despite treatment, if there are complications like difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, or signs of esophageal damage.
In such cases, an upper endoscopy (EGD) may be performed to check for inflammation, ulcers, or Barrett’s esophagus, while pH monitoring can measure acid levels in the esophagus over 24 hours.
Esophageal manometry may be used to assess muscle function and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) strength, and a barium swallow (esophagram) can help detect structural abnormalities.
While these tests are not always required, they are sometimes used to confirm a GERD diagnosis and rule out more serious conditions when symptoms are severe or unresponsive to treatment.
GERD treatment primarily focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing their recurrence.
Common steps to manage heartburn include:¹,²
Some claim that apple cider vinegar can balance stomach acid and baking soda with water can neutralize it, but their effectiveness varies. It’s best to consult a doctor, as some remedies may worsen GERD symptoms.
Acid reflux happens when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing occasional heartburn or discomfort. GERD is a chronic condition where acid reflux occurs frequently, leading to persistent symptoms and potential complications.
Untreated GERD can cause esophageal damage, leading to ulcers, strictures, or Barrett’s esophagus. Over time, it may increase the risk of esophageal cancer.
GERD can often be managed with lifestyle changes and medication, but it may not be permanently cured. In severe cases, surgical options like fundoplication can provide long-term relief.
Avoiding acidic, spicy, and fatty foods, maintaining a healthy weight, and not smoking can help prevent GERD. Managing stress and eating at least three hours before bed can also reduce the risk of reflux.
Living with GERD can be frustrating, but you don’t have to suffer through constant heartburn and discomfort.
Managing your symptoms early can help prevent complications and improve your quality of life. With Call-On-Doc, you can skip the wait at the doctor’s office and get fast, online GERD treatment from licensed medical professionals.
We prescribe effective GERD medications, including esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec), and more to help reduce acid production and provide long-term relief.
Don’t let GERD control your life—get the treatment you need today with a simple online consultation!
English graduate and Call-On-Doc’s medical resource guide, Wayne C. Hahne is an experienced and passionate medical education content expert. Through diligent research, provider interviews and utilizing the industry's leading resources for wellness information, it is Mr. Hahne’s personal mission to educate the general public on medical conditions with in-depth and easy-to-understand written guides.
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