Published on Aug 08, 2023 | 5:16 PM
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Bacterial vaginosis or BV is a unique condition for women caused by an infection inside the vagina, resulting in a foul or “fishy” smelling discharge often colored green, gray, or white. Commonly confused with vaginal yeast infections or trichomoniasis, BV is neither fungal nor an STD but rather a bacterial infection and requires its own unique treatment. Moreover, it is considered the most common vaginal problem, with just under 30% of women ages 15 to 44 getting the condition and 84% of that number showing no noticeable symptoms. (1
Every woman has their own unique vaginal microbiome, where multiple different bacterias reside and keep a delicate balance. When that balance is disturbed, it causes one of the several bacteria to overgrow and cause bacterial vaginosis. (2) Most often resulting from the overgrowth of gardnerella vaginalis bacteria, there are a number of causes behind bacterial vaginosis, including:
The most common bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis is Gardnerella vaginalis. While BV is a polymicrobial condition involving multiple types of bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis is often considered a key player in disrupting the balance of the vaginal microbiome and contributing to the development of BV. Other bacteria, such as Prevotella, Atopobium, and Mobiluncus species, can also be involved in the complex microbial changes associated with BV. The exact composition of bacteria can vary among individuals with BV, but Gardnerella vaginalis is a prominent member of the microbial community associated with this condition.
Recent revelations in the scientific field have discovered that men can carry bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. (3) While men do not experience the condition, there is potential for them to pass the condition on from one partner to another in the case that they have multiple female partners and participate in unprotected sex with both.
Stress itself is not a direct cause of bacterial vaginosis (BV), but it can potentially contribute to the development of BV indirectly. Stress can impact the body's immune system and hormone levels, which in turn might influence the vaginal environment and the balance of the vaginal microbiome.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) can be asymptomatic, meaning that some individuals may have BV without experiencing any noticeable symptoms. This is actually quite common, as some studies have shown around 80% of women with the condition don’t display noticeable symptoms. For those that do, these are some of the most common:
Unusual Vaginal Discharge: BV often leads to a change in vaginal discharge. The discharge is typically thin, watery, and may appear grayish-white or greenish in color. One of the hallmark characteristics of BV discharge is its distinctive fishy odor, especially noticeable after sexual intercourse or washing with soap. This odor arises due to the breakdown of certain compounds by the overgrown bacteria.
Vaginal Odor: The fishy odor associated with BV is a common and recognizable symptom. It's caused by the release of amines when certain bacteria break down proteins in the vagina. This odor can be particularly bothersome and may affect a woman's confidence and comfort.
Vaginal Itching or Irritation: Some women with BV might experience itching or irritation in the vaginal area. This discomfort can range from mild to more pronounced and is often linked to the changes in the vaginal environment caused by the bacterial imbalance.
Burning Sensation: BV can sometimes lead to a burning sensation or discomfort during urination. This symptom is similar to the sensation experienced during a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is a result of the irritation caused by the imbalanced vaginal environment.
Increased Discharge: Along with the changes in appearance and odor, BV might cause an increase in the amount of vaginal discharge. This discharge can be different from a woman's usual pattern and may contribute to feelings of discomfort or wetness.
When testing for bacterial vaginosis (BV), healthcare professionals may use several diagnostic methods to assess the vaginal environment and determine the presence of BV-associated changes:
These diagnostic tests, especially when used in combination, assist healthcare professionals in accurately diagnosing bacterial vaginosis. However, in most cases, a healthcare professional only needs a description and a brief conversation with the patient.
To check if you have bacterial vaginosis, it's essential to consult a healthcare provider. While some symptoms may suggest BV, such as changes in discharge or odor, these signs can also overlap with other vaginal conditions. A healthcare provider, usually a gynecologist or primary care physician, can conduct a thorough examination and perform specific diagnostic tests.
While bacterial vaginosis is known to reoccur in most cases, it can be effectively treated with specific antibiotics. At the time of writing, there are multiple options, with specific antibiotics, including:
After receiving treatment for bacterial vaginosis (BV), it's important to take specific steps to promote healing and prevent recurrence. Complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics as directed by your healthcare provider, even if your symptoms improve. Practice good hygiene by using mild, unscented soaps and avoiding douching, and wearing breathable cotton underwear. Avoid sexual activity or use condoms during treatment to prevent introducing new bacteria. Monitor your symptoms and schedule a follow up if you notice further signs of the infection.
If you notice or suspect that you may have bacterial vaginosis, you can get treated easily online the same day. CallonDoc offers many antibiotics to clear the condition and with a quick consultation, you can get your BV treatment to your pharmacy within a matter of hours!
English graduate and Call-On-Doc’s medical resource guide, Wayne C. Hahne is an experienced and passionate medical education content expert. Through diligent research, provider interviews and utilizing the industry's leading resources for wellness information, it is Mr. Hahne’s personal mission to educate the general public on medical conditions with in-depth and easy-to-understand written guides.
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